(Source: http://www.demographia.com/rac-shanghai.pdf1)

Central Government authorities announced in 1990 that Pudong, an undeveloped area in Shanghai east of the Huangpu River, would be an Open Area for development. Since then, Shanghai and its surrounding area have undergone massive physical and economic transformation that seems set to continue as Shanghai assumes its designated role as "Dragon's Head" in leading development in the Yangtze River Delta and basin. The Shanghai government, meanwhile, has established Economic and Technological Development Zones at the Minhang, Hongqiao and Caohejing districts and the Songjiang Industrial Park in South West Shanghai. Shanghai is also home to one of the two stock exchanges in the country and home to China’s foreign-currency.