(Source: http://www.demographia.com/rac-shanghai.pdf2)

2. Shanghai City Demographic Profile:

Ø Ranked the fifth most populous city in the world after Tokyo, Mexico City, Sao Paolo, and New York, the city of Shanghai is thus the biggest city in China according to the fifth national population census conducted in the year 2000.

Ø Shanghai had a permanent population 16.41 million persons, an increase of 3.07 million persons over 1990.

Ø The increase rate of Shanghai’s population, 23%, was much higher than the national average of 11.7%.

Ø The natural growth rate in Shanghai has been negative for the last 8 years. This means that the strong population increase of the city is exclusively due to immigration.

Ø Population is the principal factor and the major constraint for China’s economic and social development. Shanghai is no exception, especially when taking into consideration that the city is playing more and more important roles in the regional economy, business, and culture.

(Source:
http://www.sinoptic.ch/shanghaiflash/texts/pdf/200302_Shanghai.Flash.pdf#search
=%22city%20of%20shanghai%20employment%226)